Cannabis Legalization in Germany: Exploring the History & New Laws

The History of Cannabis in Germany

Germany's cannabis narrative is shaped by a mix of cultural legacy and modern regulation. Archaeological findings suggest that hemp and cannabis use in Central Germany dates back to 5500 BCE, with cannabis seeds discovered in funerary urns near Wilmersdorf. This underscores the region's ancient relationship with the plant.

In the 20th century, cannabis prohibition in Germany began under the Opium Act of 1929, influenced by international narcotics conventions. The plant was classified as an illicit substance, setting the tone for restrictive policies that followed.

During the 1960s and 70s, Germany experienced a wave of counterculture activism. Cannabis became a symbol of civil resistance and self-expression. These social movements laid the groundwork for public discourse around decriminalization and policy change, which intensified through the 2000s.

Germany's Medical Cannabis Program 

In March 2017, Germany introduced the "Cannabis as Medicine" program, allowing regulated access to cannabis-based products for patients with serious conditions and limited treatment options. This legislative shift acknowledged the growing public interest in cannabis-based therapies, while implementing strict controls.

Under this framework, licensed medical cannabis patients may obtain products such as dried flower, cannabis extracts, and regulated cannabinoid-based pharmaceutical preparations. Only physicians can prescribe these products, and pharmacies are authorized to distribute them. Over time, this program has expanded patient access and established a foundation for broader cannabis reform.

Recreational Cannabis Legalization in Germany

Starting July 1, 2024, adults aged 18 and older in Germany will be able to legally purchase and possess cannabis through regulated nonprofit clubs. Each club is capped at 500 private members and operates on a consumption-based membership fee structure. Individuals may obtain up to 25 grams per day and a maximum of 50 grams per month. For members under 21, the limit is 30 grams per month.

Cannabis possession is now legal for adults up to 25 grams, and residents may cultivate up to three plants at home. Public consumption is allowed, except within 100 meters of schools and playgrounds. These measures aim to reduce illicit market reliance while encouraging responsible access.

Germany's legalization framework also includes an amnesty provision for individuals previously convicted of cannabis-related offenses that are no longer deemed illegal. These cases are eligible for review and, in many instances, expungement, though courts may face backlogs due to the volume of applications.

Despite opposition from some political parties and legal scholars, the legislation passed under Chancellor Olaf Scholz's coalition government, which includes the Social Democrats, the Greens, and the Free Democrats.

CBD in Berlin and Across Germany 

CBD products are legally available in Germany provided they contain less than 0.2% THC, in line with European Union regulations. This has contributed to a growing CBD market, particularly in urban centers like Berlin, where CBD-infused products such as oils, capsules, cosmetics, and beverages are widely accessible.

These products are typically sold in specialized retail shops, pharmacies, and even some convenience stores. Berlin's progressive retail culture and consumer interest in plant-derived wellness products have contributed to a broad range of available CBD formats.

Cannabis Legalization Across Europe 

Germany's legalization efforts reflect a broader shift in cannabis policy throughout Europe. Several countries have implemented adult-use or medical cannabis programs with varying degrees of accessibility and regulation.

Malta became the first EU country to legalize adult-use cannabis in 2021, permitting personal possession and home cultivation through non-profit cooperatives. Luxembourg followed in 2023, legalizing limited personal possession and home grows. Switzerland, while not part of the EU, has launched pilot programs in major cities to explore regulated sales.

The Netherlands, known for its cannabis coffee shop model, launched the Wietexperiment in December 2023, introducing legal supply chains to select retailers. These pilots aim to shift from tolerance-based systems to fully regulated markets.

Cannabis remains the most widely used illicit substance in Europe, with an estimated market value of EUR 11.4 billion, according to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. As more nations consider legalization frameworks, the regional landscape continues to evolve.

Summary of Germany's Legalization Law

• Adults aged 18+ may legally possess up to 25 grams of cannabis

• Legal sales occur through nonprofit cannabis clubs with a 500-member limit

• Daily purchase limit: 25 grams

• Monthly limit: 50 grams (30 grams for those under 21)

• Up to three plants may be grown at home

• Public consumption is permitted but not within 100 meters of schools or playgrounds

• Past criminal records may be reviewed or expunged under the new law

STIIIZY and the Future of Global Cannabis Reform 

Germany's adult-use cannabis legalization represents a milestone in the international shift toward regulated access. As the largest country in the EU to adopt such measures, Germany sets a precedent for other nations evaluating similar reforms.

At STIIIZY, we believe in expanding responsible access to cannabis around the world. With global attitudes changing and policy advancing, we remain committed to supporting legalization efforts and advocating for fair and transparent cannabis regulations.