Types of Cannabinoids Explained
There are hundreds of different components within cannabis flower. This includes many unique active ingredients that work together to give you the experience you’ve come to expect.
Despite cannabis existing on our planet for thousands of years, we are just now beginning to learn more about the compounds within—what they are, how they work, and their potential benefits.
The most prevalent and recognized compounds in weed are called cannabinoids. The most famous is THC, with CBD being a close second. But they aren’t the only cannabinoids; it turns out there are at least 200 different cannabinoids (that we know about).
There are also several other chemical compounds in cannabis flower that are starting to gain attention. This includes terpenes, flavonoids, and many others.
All of these ingredients are important because they enhance the entourage effect, which is the theory that all parts of the plant work in harmony to get you the best results. However, cannabinoids are typically the stars of the show.
Effects of cannabinoids
Cannabinoids interact with your body's endocannabinoid system, which helps regulate essential functions. The effects vary depending on the types of cannabinoids present:
Natural Cannabinoids
Natural cannabinoids like THC, CBD, and CBN are derived directly from cannabis plants. THC cannabinoids are known for their psychoactive effects, providing euphoria and relaxation. CBD, which is non-psychoactive, promotes a sense of calm without causing a high. CBN is gaining recognition for its relaxing properties, often associated with better sleep quality.
By understanding the types of cannabinoids and their effects, you can identify which may align with your preferences, whether for relaxation, focus, or personal wellness goals.
Synthetic Cannabinoids
Types of synthetic cannabinoids are man-made compounds developed for research and commercial applications. These cannabinoids offer several benefits, including:
- Consistency in formulation, providing more precise dosing options.
- The ability to replicate or enhance the effects of natural cannabinoids.
- Potential use in industries like medicine and agriculture for controlled studies and development.
However, synthetic cannabinoids also come with risks. Unlike natural cannabinoids, synthetic ones may be unregulated, leading to potential exposure to harmful additives or stronger-than-expected effects. While synthetic cannabinoids can provide benefits in research and controlled settings, it's essential to approach unregulated products with caution.
What are the most well-known compounds in cannabis flower?
When most people think about the stuff inside weed, cannabinoids like THC are typically the first thing to mind. It can be beneficial to learn more about THC and some of the more well-known cannabis compounds.
THC
Short for tetrahydrocannabinol, THC is probably the most famous compound in weed. It’s responsible for the high we associate with the plant. The amount of THC in cannabis flower can vary widely depending on the cannabis strain, but the average is usually anywhere from 20%-35%.
In addition to giving you an elevated feeling, THC has been found to have several potential health benefits. The cannabinoid has been studied as a potential pain reliever, appetite stimulant, nausea reducer, sleep promoter, and much more.
CBD
Cannabidiol—aka CBD—is another cannabinoid that has exploded in popularity over the last several years. A non-psychoactive molecule, many people consume CBD for its perceived therapeutic benefits. It’s predominantly found in industrial hemp.
CBD is mostly touted for its potential anti-inflammatory properties. However, small studies have also shown it has promise as a stress reliever, sleep inducer, and seizure reducer.
CBN
Quickly emerging in the cannabis market, CBN has begun to make a splash with consumers. Short for cannabinol, CBN is a cannabinoid best known for its relaxing effects. It is derived from THC but is less psychoactive.
CBN is not typically prevalent in celebrity weed strains. Instead, it is usually isolated in a lab by applying heat and oxygen to THC. Older cannabis often contains CBN because the THC has oxidized and turned into CBN.
What are the lesser-known cannabinoids in cannabis flower?
CBN isn’t the only so-called minor cannabinoid on dispensary shelves. There are other compounds popping up in the marketplace.
THC-A
THC-A is one minor cannabinoid that has grown in popularity over the last several years. Also called tetrahydrocannabinolic acid, THC-A is known as the “mother cannabinoid” because it’s the precursor to THC.
THC-A turns into THC when exposed to heat. When you light a joint or a bowl, it’s the fire that’s converting THC-A in the plant to THC.
THC-A diamonds are a popular concentrate on the market and can be dabbed or mixed with flower. People like them because they provide a clear and powerful high once turned into THC.
THC-V
Another lesser-known cannabinoid you may be seeing more of is THC-V (aka tetrahydrocannabivarin). Present in a number of strains of weed, particularly African landrace strains like Durban Poison, THC-V is mildly psychoactive.
The cannabinoid mostly shows up in vape carts or pods and some flower products. It has also been seen in edibles.
THC-V has been shown to be an appetite suppressant, unlike its cousin THC which tends to give people the munchies. Because of this, the cannabinoid is being explored by researchers as a possible treatment for diabetes and obesity.
CBG
If THC-A is the mother of THC, CBG (or cannabigerol) is the grandmother of all cannabinoids. When a cannabis plant is in its early growth stages, it begins to express CBGA. Over time, this turns into CBD-A or THC-A, but sometimes leaves a bit of CBG too.
Nowadays, most CBG on the market comes from hemp strains bred to be high in the cannabinoid. It can also be isolated through extraction methods. The most popular CBG strain is called White.
CBG is non-psychoactive and mostly used for wellness reasons. An anecdotal survey of patients using CBG saw the majority of respondents finding the cannabinoid helpful for easing chronic pain, anxiety, and insomnia.
However, more studies will need to be conducted before we know for sure if CBG is effective.
CBC
Another lesser-known cannabinoid used primarily for therapeutic reasons is CBC. Short for cannabichromene, CBC has been shown to play an important role in the entourage effect. It will not get you high on its own but may help THC or CBD work even better.
CBC tends to only show up in trace amounts in weed strains, but a few that tend to have higher concentrations include Charlotte’s Web, Jorge’s Diamond, and Maui Dream. There are many CBC isolate tinctures on the market as well.
While studies on CBC remain limited, preliminary research shows it may help soothe pain, act as a neuroprotectant, and could even fight acne. You could see CBC face creams will be at your local drug store sooner than later!
Delta 8 THC
Delta 8 THC is becoming more popular in states that do not have legal weed. It does not naturally occur in cannabis; instead, it’s created in a lab setting. Usually derived from hemp, Delta 8 THC is psychoactive but is technically legal in most places thanks to the 2018 Farm Bill.
Delta 8 THC tends to have potent effects, with many people reporting feeling sleepy when they consume it. There are a wide variety of Delta 8 THC products on the market, including vape pens, edibles, and hemp flower that has been sprayed with Delta 8 oil.
Strains of weed with different chemical profiles
With so many different compounds found in cannabis, the combinations are essentially endless. Each strain (or cultivar as they’re often called) has a unique chemical profile made up of different amounts of cannabinoids, terpenes, and other active ingredients.
Most cannabis strains are divided into sativa, indica, or hybrid. They are divided based on the way the plants grow as well as their dominant cannabinoids and terpenes.
For example, indica strains usually have higher concentrations of myrcene, beta-caryophyllene, and humulene. Sativas tend to feature limonene, terpinolene, and pinene. Hybrids have a little bit of everything!
The best strains of weed will always have a robust blend of cannabinoids and terpenes, offering potent effects and rich cannabis flavors.
How to choose the right cannabinoid
Choosing the right cannabinoid starts with understanding the types of cannabinoids and their effects. Different cannabinoids suit different needs, and knowing what you're looking for helps you make the best decision.
- THC-A: If you're interested in potent effects after heat activation, THC-A is ideal. It's commonly available in diamonds and can be dabbed or mixed with flower for a strong, clear experience.
- THC-V: For those looking for a mild psychoactive option that may help with appetite control, THC-V is a great choice. It's often found in vape pods, flower, and edibles.
- CBG: Known as the "grandmother" cannabinoid, CBG works well for those interested in non-psychoactive options. Products high in CBG, like the strain White, are widely available and provide wellness-focused benefits.
- CBC: While not psychoactive, CBC may enhance the effects of THC or CBD, making it suitable for those seeking a combined effect. It appears in tinctures or specific cannabis strains.
- Delta 8 THC: If you're seeking a legal psychoactive option in certain regions, Delta 8 THC provides a more mellow experience compared to Delta 9 THC. It's available in products like vape pens and edibles.
At STIIIZY, we provide high-quality options featuring these cannabinoids to help you tailor your choice to your preferences. Always prioritize transparent labeling and tested products for a safe experience.
What we hope to learn in the future about cannabis flower
We have only hit the tip of the iceberg when it comes to research on the cannabis plant. Even though it has existed on this planet for thousands of years, federal law prohibited studies in the modern scientific era.
Thankfully, a new wave of legalization and increased interest in the powers of the plant have led to an increase in the number of clinical trials and studies on consuming cannabis flower, its chemical compounds, and how it interacts with the human body. More and more people are now willing to try cannabis for their potential benefits.
There is still a lot we do not know, but the future holds a wealth of knowledge. We will soon discover more cannabinoids and terpenes and reveal their benefits. There may even be DNA tests that can recommend specific strains for each individual—the sky's the limit.
At STIIIZY, we only use premium flower for all of our 40’s pre-rolls (40% THC potency) and high quality pre-rolls. If you’re into smoking or vaping cannabis, explore all of STIIIZY’s products here.
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
FAQs
Scientists have identified over 100 different types of cannabinoids in the cannabis plant. These cannabinoids vary in structure and effects, contributing to the plant's diverse properties. Some are well-known, such as THC and CBD, while others like CBC, CBG, and THC-V are lesser-known but gaining popularity.
There are more than 100 identified cannabinoids, but research often focuses on a handful due to their prevalence and effects. Major cannabinoids like THC, CBD, CBG, and CBC are found in significant amounts in most cannabis strains. Many others, referred to as minor cannabinoids, appear in smaller concentrations but still play important roles. These include THC-V, CBN, and CBDV, which are being studied for their potential uses and effects.
No, terpenes are not a type of cannabinoid. Terpenes are aromatic compounds found in cannabis and other plants that contribute to their flavor and scent. While cannabinoids affect the body's endocannabinoid system, terpenes may influence how cannabinoids work through the entourage effect. Both compounds are important for the overall cannabis experience, but they are chemically and functionally distinct.
Full-spectrum extracts contain the greatest array of cannabinoids. These extracts preserve all the natural cannabinoids, terpenes, and other compounds found in the cannabis plant. Unlike isolates, which focus on a single compound, full-spectrum extracts allow for the entourage effect, where cannabinoids and terpenes work together to enhance their effects. They are often chosen by consumers who want a more balanced and holistic experience.
The four main cannabinoids are THC, CBD, CBG, and CBC. THC is the psychoactive compound responsible for the high associated with cannabis. CBD is non-psychoactive and valued for its calming properties. CBG is considered the precursor to other cannabinoids and plays a foundational role in the plant’s development. CBC is less common but may enhance the effects of THC and CBD through the entourage effect.
The 11 major cannabinoids include THC, CBD, CBG, CBC, THC-A, CBD-A, CBG-A, CBN, THC-V, CBDV, and Delta 8 THC. Each plays a unique role in the cannabis plant and contributes to its effects. For example, THC is psychoactive, while CBD is known for its non-intoxicating properties. Cannabinoids like THC-V and Delta 8 THC are gaining popularity for their mild psychoactive effects and potential benefits.
The top 5 cannabinoids are THC, CBD, CBG, CBC, and THC-V. These cannabinoids are widely studied and are often highlighted in cannabis products. THC and CBD are the most well-known and widely used. CBG, CBC, and THC-V are considered minor cannabinoids but are increasingly included in products for their beneficial effects.
The strongest type of cannabinoid is often considered THC due to its high psychoactive potency. Among its variants, Delta 9 THC is the most potent and widely recognized. Synthetic cannabinoids, such as those used in research, can be much stronger but are not typically recommended for general use due to their potential risks. Potency depends on the cannabinoid’s concentration, form, and how it interacts with individual tolerance levels.
The content provided on this blog is for informational purposes only and is not intended as professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult with your healthcare provider and local laws before purchasing or consuming cannabis.
